The development, implementation, and evaluation of a cardiac catheterization patient education program and its effects upon state anxiety and knowledge levels

Abstract

A Cardiac Catheterization Patient Education Program (CCPEP) was developed by the researcher to aid patients in coping with preoperative anxieties. Data was collected on a sample of 24 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac catheterization surgery. Twelve Ss participated in the CCPEP; the remaining Ss comprised the study control, and were instructed on heart risk factors. State anxiety and knowledge parameters were measured at 3 stages during the study design.