Particle Composition and Respirable Crystalline Silica Concentrations in Sand Mining and Processing Facilities

Abstract

In the last 10 years, hydro fracturing has completely transformed the sand mining industry. In Wisconsin, the nation’s leading sand producer, the number of industrial sand facilities has grown from just 8 in 20081 to 129 as of September 1, 20152. Crystalline silica is one of the main compounds that makes up the earth’s crust. It is not inherently dangerous until it is ground up into fine dust that can penetrate deep into the lungs. The purpose of this study is to analyze particles of silica from nearby sand processing facilities.