A Longer Harder Journey : The Economic Progress of Hmong Americans

Abstract

Hmong refugees first arrived in the U.S. forty years ago and since then, Hmong Americans have had significant economic progress, marked by increases in incomes, educational attainment, occupational status, ownership of homes and businesses, and numerous other measures. This study uses a huge, rich data set provided by the Minnesota Population Center at the University of Minnesota. This is a sample of detailed U.S. Census data on individuals and households from the 1990 Census, the 2000 Census, and annual American Community Survey samples from 2001 through 2014.